入门-第一个SpringMVC程序

jars

spring-aop.jar

spring-bean. jar

spring-context. jar

spring-core. jar

spring-web. jar

spring-webmvc. jar

spring-webmvc.jar

commons-logging

image-20210123222410984

配置web.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
	<display-name>SpringMVCProject</display-name>
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
		<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
	<!-- 配置映射 -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<!-- 使启动时自动生效 -->
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

创建springmvc.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 扫描有注解的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="top.eshyee.Controller"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置视图解析器InternalResourceViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>

index.jsp/success.jsp

在WebContent中创建index.jsp

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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
	pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<a href="welcome">firstSpringMVC</a>
</body>
</html>

再创建一个FOLDER起名“views”，其中创建success.jsp

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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
第一个实例成功
</body>
</html>

编写SpringMVCController

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package top.eshyee.Controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("SpringMVCController")
public class SpringMVCController {
//	通过method更改请求方式,params指定请求参数中必须有的参数 如：“name”且必须为zs,"age"!=23
	@RequestMapping(value = "welcome")
	public String welcome() {
		return "success";
	}
}

如果没配置错，运行成功。

其他配置

Controller

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//	通过method更改请求方式,params指定请求参数中必须有的参数 如：“name”且必须为zs,"age"!=23
	@RequestMapping(value = "welcome", method = RequestMethod.POST, params = { "name=zs", "age!=23" })
	public String welcome() {
		return "success";
	}

//限制请求头
	@RequestMapping(value = "welcome2", headers = {
			"accept=text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9",
			"accept-encoding=gzip, deflate, br" })
	public String welcome2() {
		return "success";
	}

JSP

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<body>
	<a href="SpringMVCController/welcome2">firstSpringMVC</a>
	<form action="SpringMVCController/welcome" method="post">
	<input name="name">
	<input name="age">
	<input type="submit" value="post">
	</form>
</body>

ANT风格

Controller

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//	ant风格
//中间 任意字符*,任意目录**
	@RequestMapping(value = "welcome3/**/test")
	public String welcome3() {
		return "success";
	}
//	中间单个字符
	@RequestMapping(value = "welcome4/a?c/test")
	public String welcome4() {
		return "success";
	}
	@RequestMapping(value = "welcome5/{name}")
	public String welcome5(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
		System.out.println(name);
		return "success";
	}

jsp

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<a href="SpringMVCController/welcome3/adas/test">ant风格1</a>
	<a href="SpringMVCController/welcome4/abc/test">ant风格2</a>
	<a href="SpringMVCController/welcome5/张三">ant风格-@PathVariable</a>

REST 实现delete和put

controller

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//REST 风格--通过隐藏域区分delete和put
	@RequestMapping(value = "testPost/{name}")
	public String testPost(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
		System.out.println("增"+name);
		return "success";
	}
	@RequestMapping(value = "testDelete/{name}" )
	public String testDelete(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
		System.out.println("删"+name);
		return "success";
	}
	@RequestMapping(value = "testPut/{name}")
	public String testPut(@PathVariable("name") Integer name) {
		System.out.println("改"+name);
		return "success";
	}
	@RequestMapping(value = "testGet/{name}")
	public String testGet(@PathVariable("name") String name) {
		System.out.println("查"+name);
		return "success";
	}
	@RequestMapping(value="testRest/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
	public String  testDelete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
		System.out.println("delete：删 " +id);
		return "success" ;
	}

jsp

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<form action="SpringMVCController/testPost/1234" method="post">
	<input type="submit" value="增">
	</form><br/>
	<form action="SpringMVCController/testDelete/1234" method="post">
	<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
	<input type="submit" value="删">
	</form><br/>
	<form action="SpringMVCController/testPut/1234" method="post">
	<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
	<input type="submit" value="改">
	</form><br/>
	<form action="SpringMVCController/testGet/1234" method="get">
	<input type="submit" value="查">
	</form><br/>
	<form action="SpringMVCController/testRest/1234" method="post">
		<input type="hidden"  name="_method" value="DELETE"/>
		<input type="submit" value="删">
	</form>

过滤器 xml

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<!-- 增加一个过滤器，目的是给普通浏览器增加delete|put的支持 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilte</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilte</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

杂项

Controller

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@RequestMapping(value = "testParam")
//	required = false,defaultValue = "2" 可以不传uage ，默认值为2，客户端没有传入uage参数才能生效defaultValue配置
	public String testParam(@RequestParam("uname") String uname,@RequestParam(value="uage",required = false,defaultValue = "2") Integer uage) {
		System.out.println(uname);
		System.out.println(uage);
		return "success";
	}
	@RequestMapping(value = "testRequestHeader")
	public String testRequestHeader(@RequestHeader("Accept-Language") String al) {
		System.out.println(al);
		return "success";
	}
	@RequestMapping(value = "testCookieValue")
	public String testCookieValue(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String jSessionId) {
		System.out.println(jSessionId);
		return "success";
	}

//	使用原生态的ServletAPI--直接使用
	@RequestMapping(value = "testSerlet")
	public String testSerlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		System.out.println(request);
		System.out.println(response);
		return "success";
	}

JSP

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</form>
	<br />
	<form action="SpringMVCController/testParam" method="post">
	<input type="text" name="uname">
	<!-- <input type="text" name="uage"> -->
		<input type="submit" value="提交">
		
	</form>
	<br />
	<a href="SpringMVCController/testRequestHeader">testRequestHeader</a>
	
	<br />
	<a href="SpringMVCController/testCookieValue">testCookieValue</a>
	<br />
<a href="SpringMVCController/testSerlet">testSerlet</a>
	<br />

对象的接收(级联)

创建一个级联对象

Student

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package top.eshyee.entity;

public class Student {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private Address address;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Address getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(Address address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}
}

Address

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package top.eshyee.entity;

public class Address {
	private String homeAddress;
	private String schoolAddress;
	public String getHomeAddress() {
		return homeAddress;
	}
	public void setHomeAddress(String homeAddress) {
		this.homeAddress = homeAddress;
	}
	public String getSchoolAddress() {
		return schoolAddress;
	}
	public void setSchoolAddress(String schoolAddress) {
		this.schoolAddress = schoolAddress;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Address [homeAddress=" + homeAddress + ", schoolAddress=" + schoolAddress + "]";
	}
}

controller

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@RequestMapping(value = "testObject")
	public String testObject(Student student) {//属性必须跟表单内的值一样
		System.out.println(student);
		return "success";
	}

jsp

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<form action="SpringMVCController/testObject" method="post">
	name:<input type="text" name="name"><br/>
	age:<input type="text" name="age"><br/>
	schooladdress:<input type="text" name="address.schoolAddress"><br/>
	homeaddress:<input type="text" name="address.homeAddress"><br/>
	<input type="submit" value="提交">
	</form>

ModelAndView

Controller

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@RequestMapping(value = "testModelAndView")
	public ModelAndView testModelAndView() {
		ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView("success");
		Student student=new Student();
		student.setName("aa");
		student.setAge(1);
		mv.addObject("student",student);//相当于request.setAttribute
		return mv;
	}

Success JSP

用于展示拿到的值

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${requestScope.student.age}--${requestScope.student.name}--

测试页面的JSP

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<a href="SpringMVCController/testModelAndView">testModelAndView</a>
	<br />

其他方法

Controller

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@RequestMapping(value = "testModelMap")
	public String testModelMap(ModelMap mm) {

		Student student = new Student();
		student.setName("aa");
		student.setAge(1);
		mm.put("student", student);// request域
		return "success";
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "testMap")
	public String testMap(Map<String, Object> map) {

		Student student = new Student();
		student.setName("aa");
		student.setAge(1);
		map.put("student", student);// request域
		return "success";
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "testModel")
	public String testModel(Model model) {

		Student student = new Student();
		student.setName("aa");
		student.setAge(1);
		model.addAttribute("student", student);// request域
		return "success";
	}

JSP

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<a href="SpringMVCController/testModelMap">testModelMap</a>
	<br />
	<a href="SpringMVCController/testMap">testMap</a>
	<br />
	<a href="SpringMVCController/testModel">testModel</a>
	<br />

如果要把request的中的对象放入session中，在类前加注解@SessionAttributes

Controller

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@SessionAttributes("student")
@Controller
@RequestMapping("SpringMVCController")
public class SpringMVCController {
...
}

Success JSP

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<body>
实例成功
request:<br/>
${requestScope.student.age}--${requestScope.student.name}--
<br/>session:<br/>
${sessionScope.student.age}--${sessionScope.student.name}--
</body>

视图、视图解析器

视图的顶级接口:View
视图解析器:ViewResolver常见的视图和解析器:
InternalResourceView、InternalResourceViewResolverpublic class JstlView extends InternalResourceView:
springMVC解析jsp时会默认使用InternalResourceView，如果发现Jsp中包含了jstl语言，则自动转为JstlView

JstlView 可以解析jst1\实现国际化操作

mvc:view-controller

在xml使用该标签可不用写Controller

xml

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<mvc:view-controller path="Controller/testMvcViewController" view-name="success"/>

index jsp

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<a href="Controller/testMvcViewController" >testMvcViewController</a>

但是只写mvc:view-controller 会自动屏蔽Controller

若需共存，需加标签

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<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

指定跳转方式

forward: 请求转发 redirect: 重定向

此种方式不会被视图解析器加上前缀和后缀

Controller中

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return "forward:/views/success.jsp";//或者redirect

处理静态资源

在SpringMVC中，直接访问静态资源，会 报404

原因：所有请求在web.xml中被拦截，交给SpringMVC的DispatchServlet处理，然而该处理方式是直接找requestmapping了，但静态资源没有配requestmapping，所以404.

解决方式：不需要mvc的，交给tomcat的servlet处理

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<!-- 该注解会使SpringMVC在收到没有对应requestmapping的请求时，将请求交给服务器的servlet处理 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

类型转换

Spring自带一些常见的类型转换

可以自定义

i 编写自定义转换器的类(实现convert接口)

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package top.eshyee.converter;

import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;

import top.eshyee.entity.Student;

public class MyConverter implements Converter<String,Student>{

	@Override
	public Student convert(String source) {//字符串--返回学生--传入格式1-zs-23
		return new Student(Integer.parseInt(source.split("-")[0]),source.split("-")[1],Integer.parseInt(source.split("-")[2]));
		
	}
}

ii 将编写的转换器加入到MVC中

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<!-- 1 将转换器纳入SpringIOC容器 -->
<bean id="MyConverter" class="top.eshyee.converter.MyConverter"></bean>
<!-- 2 将MyConverter纳入到SpringMVC提供的bean中 -->
<bean id="conversionServiceFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
<set>
<ref bean="MyConverter"/>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 将conversionServiceFactoryBean注册到annotationdriven中 -->
<!-- 此配置是mvc的基础配置 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionServiceFactoryBean"></mvc:annotation-driven>

iii 测试

jsp

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<form action="SpringMVCController/testConverter" method="post">
	studentInfo:<input type="text" name="studentInfo"><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
	</form>

Controller

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@RequestMapping(value = "testConverter") 
	public String testConverter(@RequestParam("studentInfo") Student student) {
		System.out.println(student);
		return "success";
	}

数据格式化

SpringMVC提供注解实现格式化

配置标签

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<!-- 配置数据格式化 注解所依赖的bean -->
<bean id="formattingConversionServiceFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean"></bean>
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="formattingConversionServiceFactoryBean"></mvc:annotation-driven>

添加注解

Student类中

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@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
	private Date birthday;